Conclusions. The deployment of fuel cell technologies for self-generation can (1) support the development and operation of microgrids at ports, (2) provide zero emission motive power for mobile sources, and (3) play a role in the evolution of port facilities towards highly efficient, zero-emission, and reliable and resilient energy systems.
READ MOREIn V2G operation, PEVs inject energy to the electric grid in order to minimise charging cost and provide demand response and ancillary services to the system such as peak-shaving or frequency
READ MOREAs one of the scenarios with large loads, ports urgently need to reorganize the power layout to achieve the transformation of energy structure. Therefore, this paper establishes a two
READ MOREThe deployment of fuel cell technologies for self-generation can (1) support the development and operation of microgrids at ports, (2) provide zero emission motive
READ MOREWang et al. [136] addressed the optimisation of microgrid design and operation in ports, by considering the exploitation of multiple RES distributed within the microgrids, Ahamad et al. [52
READ MOREThe new microgrid is designed to increase energy resilience through islanding and distributed energy resource (DER) integration, a system that will allow the port''s critical safety and security
READ MOREIn this paper, we propose a novel integrated day-ahead scheduling algorithm to jointly optimize the seaside/yard operation and the port energy system management within one unified framework by
READ MOREDistributed Control for Autonomous Operation of a Three-Port AC/DC/DS Hybrid Microgrid This paper presents a distributed control scheme for reliable autonomous operation of a hybrid three-port ac/dc/distributed storage (ds) microgrid by means of power sharing in individual network, power exchange between ac and dc networks, and power
READ MOREThe operation of a microgrid at a port is closely related to the production and operational behavior of the port. Under unchanged operational tasks, the same operational state can persist for a long time. Therefore, to further reduce the data scale of typical scenarios, the time scale of each operational point can be dynamically
READ MOREAmount of power curtailment at time t in scenario s. 1, if energy storage system m is discharging at time t; 0, otherwise. 1, if energy storage system m is charging at time t; 0, otherwise. Stored
READ MOREAbstract. A microgrid is a small portion of a power distribution system with distributed generators along with energy storage devices and controllable loads which can give rise to a self-sufficient energy system. From the utility grid side, a microgrid is seen as an equivalent generator that is able to seamlessly disconnect and operate
READ MORETo study the operation of port microgrid under sudden load demand change, in this case, the port load demand changes from 1200 MW to 1260 MW at the 1000th iteration of the port microgrid. The simulation results are shown in Figure 10, and it can be seen that the cost and carbon emission increase slightly with the increase in the
READ MOREThe vertical integration of ''Generation-Grid-Load-Storage'' in microgrids for port areas is a prevailing trend. To comprehensively and accurately assess the operational efficiency of microgrids
READ MOREThe port sits on 3,200 acres, with 31 miles of waterfront. It has 10 piers, 62 berths, and 68 post-Panamax gantry cranes. Its annual trade is valued at more than $200 billion, and it supports more
READ MORECase studies and simulation results highlight that through the proposed approach, the port microgrid can contribute to various aspects of port operation and management such as avoiding critical facility downtime (no curtailment of high-priority loads), energy savings (131184 MW curtailment of low-priority loads over the planning horizon of
READ MOREA two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming model is developed to explain how the use of microgrid at a port can effectively enhance the port''s
READ MOREIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 62, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2015 1279 Distributed Control for Autonomous Operation of a Three-Port AC/DC/DS Hybrid Microgrid
READ MOREAs an extension of a single microgrid''s structure and function, multiple microgrids (MMGs) can increase the DG consumption and control capacity by clustering
READ MOREBy adopting the DC voltage control of multi-port SOP and the virtual synchronisation control of interconnecting ports, multiple voltage source converters
READ MOREAssessment Methods for Microgrid Operation in the Port Area Xianfeng Xu 1, *, Ke Wang 1, Yong Lu 1, Yunbo Tian 1, Liqun Hu 2 and Ming Zhong 3 1 School of Energy and Electrical Engineering
READ MOREIn this paper, a new nonisolated four-port dc–dc converter is proposed for dc microgrid applications. The proposed converter offers a main feature of controlling the dc link voltage regardless of resources availability. By using four IGBT switches and only one diode, three different sources can be interfaced to a boosted dc link load. Different
READ MOREThis paper explores microgrids'' application at ports and presents a systematic framework for evaluating the benefits of microgrid integration in creating sustainable value through
READ MOREThe port microgrid cluster, which integrates berth allocation and energy scheduling for joint optimization, is a highly interconnected system of logistics and energy closely coupled microgrids. It can reduce port load fluctuations and ensure the stable and reliable operation of the port energy system. A port berth allocation and microgrid
READ MOREA microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid and that connects and disconnects from such a grid to enable it to operate in both grid‐connected and island mode. There are four classes of microgrids: single facility
READ MOREA coordinated operation strategy considering the pre-voyage and intra-voyage optimization is proposed to minimize the operation cost of a ship microgrid. A comprehensive degradation model considering the increase of the ohmic area specific resistance and the drop of terminal voltage is developed to accurately calculate the
READ MOREThis study aims to jointly schedule berth allocation process of AES and the power dispatch of green port microgrids to improve energy efficiency and economic benefits. Kanellos, F.D.: Real-time control based on multi-agent systems for the operation of large ports as prosumer microgrids. IEEE Access 5, 9439–9452 (2017)
READ MOREThe hierarchical control of microgrids stems from the three-layer control structure of large-scale power systems. In the hierarchy of microgrids, the fundamental level is the primary control which aims at maintaining the basic operation of the microgrid, thus providing a stable frequency/voltage supply and sharing the load demand properly.
READ MOREFull electrification of large ports and intelligent energy networks compose a very promising solution, not only for limiting the in-port greenhouse gas emissions but also for the improvement of their efficiency and electric power system operation support. Large ports comprise a variety of flexible loads like refrigerated containers, electric vehicles, onshore
READ MOREThe rollout of microgrids to outermost and island ports could be a key unlocking force behind increasing electrical power usage in maritime. A microgrid is a local energy grid capable of operating
READ MOREMicrogrids are a key technology for port electrification because they can provide reliable, clean electricity to ports even in the event of a grid-scale outage, and
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